北极熊发威了！

2015年9月28日，俄罗斯总统普京在第70届联合国大会上，发表了一篇鏗锵有声的演说。
尽管奥巴马在早前，把演说超讲长达50分钟之久，可是，在联合国大会上十年来首次发表演讲的普京，却赢得无数喝彩。

谈到叙利亚问题时，普京表示，在打击恐怖主义方面，除了和阿萨德政权合作别无选择，否则叙利亚就会变成另一个利比亚或伊拉克。普京更不客气的直接批评美国和北约同盟国家，“这几个极度自负和自我感觉不一般的国家，就是造成中东混乱的元凶。”
就美国介入中东和北非问题时，普京问：“究竟你们知不知道，你们在那里干了什么东西？”

基於阿萨德政府向普京要求军事支援，10月1日，俄罗斯对叙利亚ISIS目标发动了20多次空袭。据报道，在叙利亚空袭前60分钟，俄罗斯驻巴格达的武官通知美国使馆人员，俄罗斯将在60分钟后发动攻袭，要求美国军机在空袭期间，不要进入叙利亚空域。


转载：普京在联合国大会的演词（英文），中文译者为扬云飞（旅俄华人）。

Russian President Vladimir Putin addressed the U.N. General Assembly on Monday and said the West was making an "enormous mistake" by not cooperating with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad in the fight against the Islamic State militant group. Here is the full text of his remarks.

PUTIN (THROUGH INTERPRETER): Your excellency Mr. President, your excellency Mr. Secretary General, distinguished heads of state and government, ladies and gentlemen, the 70th anniversary of the United Nations is a good occasion to both take stock of history and talk about our common future.

In 1945, the countries that defeated Nazism joined their efforts to lay solid foundations for the postwar world order.

联合国70周年庆典是个很好的机缘，让我们在回顾历史的同时也谈谈我们共同的未来。1945年，那些摧毁了纳粹的国家，集合了各自的力量，为战后世界格局奠定了坚实的基础。

But I remind you that the key decisions on the principles guiding the cooperation among states, as well as on the establishment of the United Nations, were made in our country, in Yalta, at the meeting of the anti-Hitler coalition leaders.

The Yalta system was actually born in travail. It was won at the cost of tens of millions of lives and two world wars.

This swept through the planet in the 20th century.

Let us be fair. It helped humanity through turbulent, at times dramatic, events of the last seven decades. It saved the world from large-scale upheavals.

我想提醒大家，国家交往之间的关键性原则，关于建立联合国的决定是在我国举行的雅尔塔会议上，由反希特勒联盟的首脑们做出的。雅尔塔体系久经磨难与考验，（为了它的建立）付出了几千万人的生命，（吸取了）20世纪两次蔓延整个行星的世界大战（的教训）。而且客观地说，在最近70年各种狂风骤雨般的事件中，它帮助世界避免了大规模的灾难。

The United Nations is unique in its legitimacy, representation and universality. It is true that lately the U.N. has been widely criticized for supposedly not being efficient enough, and for the fact that the decision-making on fundamental issues stalls due to insurmountable differences, first of all, among the members of the Security Council.

联合国是一个最具有合法性，代表性和多样性的组织。是的，近年来对联合国的批评之声不绝于耳。说什么它表现出无效率的特征，而要取得原则性决定却受限于各种难以调和的矛盾，这些矛盾首先存在于安理会常任理事国之间。

However, I'd like to point out there have always been differences in the U.N. throughout all these 70 years of existence. The veto right has always been exercised by the United States, the United Kingdom, France, China, the Soviet Union and Russia later, alike. It is absolutely natural for so diverse and representative an organization.

但是我想提醒大家，在联合国当中总是存在着分歧，它存在的七十年来一直如此。否决权一直有人在使用：美国使用过，还有英国、法国、中国，以及苏联和之后的俄罗斯。对于一个如此多元和多代表性的组织而言，这是非常自然的现象。在联合国建立之日起就没有考虑过，这里会被单一主张所垄断。而这个组织的本质，就是建立在寻找和形成妥协之上，其力量则来源于综合考虑不同的意见和观点。

When the U.N. was established, its founders did not in the least think that there would always be unanimity. The mission of the organization is to seek and reach compromises, and its strength comes from taking different views and opinions into consideration. Decisions debated within the U.N. are either taken as resolutions or not. As diplomats say, they either pass or do not pass.

在联合国的舞台上讨论各种问题、做出决定，以表决通过决议的形式产生，也有不能通过的时候——就像外交官们说的那样：通过还是未过。无论如何，任何国家如果绕开这个规定，（它的所作所为）就是非法的，而且与联合国宪章和现代国际法相冲突。

Whatever actions any state might take bypassing this procedure are illegitimate. They run counter to the charter and defy international law. We all know that after the end of the Cold War — everyone is aware of that — a single center of domination emerged in the world, and then those who found themselves at the top of the pyramid were tempted to think that if they were strong and exceptional, they knew better and they did not have to reckon with the U.N., which, instead of [acting to] automatically authorize and legitimize the necessary decisions, often creates obstacles or, in other words, stands in the way.

我们知道，在“冷战”结束后——所有人都知道——世界上出现了唯一的单极霸主。那时，处在金字塔顶峰的国家，产生了幻觉，认为自己既然如此的强大和特别，那么肯定比所有人都更加明了该怎么做。由此推理出来，也就不需要考虑联合国了，因为它不肯自动形成决议，为（这个国家自认的）“正确”事项来背书，而只是找麻烦，就像我国的谚语，“就是一块绊脚石”。因此这个国家开始传播些论调：什么联合国从建立时形成的模式，已经老朽了，已经完成自己的历史使命了。

It has now become commonplace to see that in its original form, it has become obsolete and completed its historical mission. Of course, the world is changing and the U.N. must be consistent with this natural transformation. Russia stands ready to work together with its partners on the basis of full consensus, but we consider the attempts to undermine the legitimacy of the United Nations as extremely dangerous. They could lead to a collapse of the entire architecture of international organizations, and then indeed there would be no other rules left but the rule of force.

当然，世界是不断变化的，而联合国也应该符合这种自然的改变。俄罗斯愿意在广泛协商的基础上，与所有的伙伴国家共同推动联合国的发展，但是我们认为，那些动摇联合国权威和合法性的企图是极端危险的。这可能导致整个国际关系结构的毁灭。那时，除了丛林法则外，我们就真的什么规则都没有了。

We would get a world dominated by selfishness rather than collective work, a world increasingly characterized by dictate rather than equality. There would be less of a chain of democracy and freedom, and that would be a world where true independent states would be replaced by an ever-growing number of de facto protectorates and externally controlled territories.

What is the state sovereignty, after all, that has been mentioned by our colleagues here? It is basically about freedom and the right to choose freely one's own future for every person, nation and state. By the way, dear colleagues, the same holds true of the question of the so-called legitimacy of state authority. One should not play with or manipulate words.

Every term in international law and international affairs should be clear, transparent and have uniformly understood criteria. We are all different, and we should respect that. No one has to conform to a single development model that someone has once and for all recognized as the only right one. We should all remember what our past has taught us.

在那样的世界里，就不会有集体合作而只剩下自私自利；在那样的世界里，就只会有越来越多的霸权和越来越少的平等、民主与自由；在那样的世界里，真正的独立国家会被日益增加的、由外部操纵的傀儡国所取代。说起来什么叫国家主权？之前已经有同僚在这里谈起过，这首先是个关于自由的问题，每个人、每个民族、每个国家选择自己命运的自由。

尊敬的同僚们，说起来与此同样重要的，还有所谓的合法政权的问题。（在这个问题上，）不能玩弄和操纵名词。在国际法里，国际事务的每个概念都必须明确、清晰，必须有一个固定的理解和固定的定义。各国都是不同的，对此必须给予尊重。没有任何人必须遵从单一的发展路线，即使这种路线被某些人一次性地定义为永远正确。

We also remember certain episodes from the history of the Soviet Union. Social experiments for export, attempts to push for changes within other countries based on ideological preferences, often led to tragic consequences and to degradation rather than progress.

It seemed, however, that far from learning from others' mistakes, everyone just keeps repeating them, and so the export of revolutions, this time of so-called democratic ones, continues. It would suffice to look at the situation in the Middle East and North Africa, as has been mentioned by previous speakers. Certainly political and social problems in this region have been piling up for a long time, and people there wish for changes naturally.

But how did it actually turn out? Rather than bringing about reforms, an aggressive foreign interference has resulted in a brazen destruction of national institutions and the lifestyle itself. Instead of the triumph of democracy and progress, we got violence, poverty and social disaster. Nobody cares a bit about human rights, including the right to life.

我们所有人都不应该忘记历史的经验。比如说我们都记得苏联的历史。输出社会变革实验，试图从自己的意识形态原则出发来改造这个或是那个国家，经常导致灾难性的后果，没有推动进步，而是造成了退步。但是好像没有人去学习他人的错误经验，而是不断的重复错误，现在继续输出所谓的“民主革命”。

只要看看中东和北非的情况就足够了，之前的演讲人也提到了那里。当然，这一地区早就积累了大量政治和社会问题，而那里的人们也确实期盼着改变。但是实际上得到的是什么呢？本来应该进行的国家制度和生活方式改革，结果被极具侵略性的外部干涉无情地摧毁了。本来想庆祝民主和进步，得到的是暴力、贫穷、社会灾难，而人权乃至人命本身更是一毛不值了。

I cannot help asking those who have caused the situation, do you realize now what you've done? But I am afraid no one is going to answer that. Indeed, policies based on self-conceit and belief in one's exceptionality and impunity have never been abandoned.

在这里，我非常想问问造成这种局面的那些人：你们现在到底明不明白你们究竟都干了些什么？但是，恐怕这个问题也会在空气中消失得无影无踪，因为那些自信的、相信自己的独特性、自认不会被惩罚的政治家们，并没有放弃自己的观点。

It is now obvious that the power vacuum created in some countries of the Middle East and North Africa through the emergence of anarchy areas,  which immediately started to be filled with extremists and terrorists.

Tens of thousands of militants are fighting under the banners of the so-called Islamic State. Its ranks include former Iraqi servicemen who were thrown out into the street after the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Many recruits also come from Libya, a country whose statehood was destroyed as a result of a gross violation of the U.N. Security Council Resolution 1973. And now, the ranks of radicals are being joined by the members of the so-called moderate Syrian opposition supported by the Western countries.

现在已经很明显了，中东和北非的一些国家里形成的权力真空，导致无政府区域的出现，并立刻被极端分子与恐怖分子所填充。在所谓的“伊斯兰国”的旗帜下，已经有几万人的武装人员在战斗。他们当中有过去伊拉克的军人，他们在2003年伊拉克被入侵后流落街头。恐怖分子的兵源地还包括利比亚，而正是对联合国安理会1973号决议的粗暴破坏，导致该国体制被摧毁。而现在一些被西方国家支持的、所谓的叙利亚理性反对派们，也开始投奔这些极端分子了。

First, they are armed and trained and then they defect to the so-called Islamic State. Besides, the Islamic State itself did not just come from nowhere. It was also initially forged as a tool against undesirable secular regimes.

Having established a foothold in Iraq and Syria, the Islamic State has begun actively expanding to other regions. It is seeking dominance in the Islamic world. And not only there, and its plans go further than that. The situation is more than dangerous.

他们首先被武装，被训练，然后就被投入所谓的“伊斯兰国”的行列。而“伊斯兰国”本身也不是凭空出现的，它最早被哺育出来作为反对世俗政权的武器。在叙利亚和伊拉克建立练兵基地之后，“伊斯兰国”开始积极地对外扩张，准备在阿拉伯世界中取得控制权，而他们的目标还不局限于此。现在的局面远远比想象的危险。

In these circumstances, it is hypocritical and irresponsible to make loud declarations about the threat of international terrorism while turning a blind eye to the channels of financing and supporting terrorists, including the process of trafficking and illicit trade in oil and arms. It would be equally irresponsible to try to manipulate extremist groups and place them at one's service in order to achieve one's own political goals in the hope of later dealing with them or, in other words, liquidating them.

在这样的情况下，有人虚伪和不负责任地一面高声喊叫国际恐怖分子的威胁，与此同时，却对恐怖分子的资金来源和支持渠道——包括贩毒、非法贩卖石油与武器——闭眼装作看不到；或是企图操纵极端组织，拉拢他们干私活以达到自己的政治目的，与此同时，却寄希望于未来总会有对付他们的办法，说得简单点，就是消灭的意思。

To those who do so, I would like to say — dear sirs, no doubt you are dealing with rough and cruel people, but they're in no way primitive or silly. They are just as clever as you are, and you never know who is manipulating whom. And the recent data on arms transferred to this most moderate opposition is the best proof of it.

那些正在这样做和这样想的人，我想对你们说：先生们，你们正在与之打交道的那些人都非常残忍，但他们可不都是愚蠢的或头脑简单的，他们一点都不比你们傻，还不知道最后是谁利用了谁来达成自己的目的。而最近这次“理性反对派”把武器交给恐怖分子的事件，就是最好的证明。

We believe that any attempts to play games with terrorists, let alone to arm them, are not just short-sighted, but fire hazardous (ph). This may result in the global terrorist threat increasing dramatically and engulfing new regions, especially given that Islamic State camps train militants from many countries, including the European countries.

我们认为任何与恐怖分子的游戏，尤其是对他们进行武装，都不仅仅是短视的，而且和玩火一样危险。最终会导致全球恐怖威胁成长到极端危险的地步，蔓延到地球上新的地区。更别说在伊斯兰国的营地中，正在“锻炼”着包括欧洲国家在内的多国武装人员。

Unfortunately, dear colleagues, I have to put it frankly: Russia is not an exception. We cannot allow these criminals who already tasted blood to return back home and continue their evil doings. No one wants this to happen, does he?Russia has always been consistently fighting against terrorism in all its forms.

非常可惜的是，必须直接指出，尊敬的同僚们，俄罗斯在这里也不能置身事外。不能允许这些已经品尝过血腥味的杀人犯，在日后回到自己的故乡，然后继续进行自己的肮脏勾当。我们不想要这种结果。也没有人想要，不是吗？俄罗斯一直都坚定并持续地反对任何形式的恐怖主义。

 Today, we provide military and technical assistance both to Iraq and Syria and many other countries of the region who are fighting terrorist groups.

We think it is an enormous mistake to refuse to cooperate with the Syrian government and its armed forces, who are valiantly fighting terrorism face to face. We should finally acknowledge that no one but President Assad's armed forces and Kurdish militias are truly fighting the Islamic State and other terrorist organizations in Syria.

We know about all the problems and contradictions in the region, but we definitely have to consider the actual situation on the ground. 

我们今天向伊拉克和叙利亚，以及该地区其他与恐怖组织作斗争的国家提供军事技术设备援助。我们认为，拒绝与叙利亚当局和叙利亚政府军合作是个巨大的错误，正是他们在勇敢地与恐怖主义面对面作斗争。现在到了认清现实的时候了，除了阿萨德总统的政府军和叙利亚的库尔德民兵们，没有其他人在叙利亚真的和伊斯兰国以及其他恐怖分子战斗。我们知道当地所有的问题、所有的矛盾，但还是要立足于现实出发。

Dear colleagues, I must note that such an honest and frank approach of Russia has been recently used as a pretext to accuse it of its growing ambitions, as if those who say it have no ambitions at all.

However, it's not about Russia's ambitions, dear colleagues, but about the recognition of the fact that we can no longer tolerate the current state of affairs in the world. What we actually propose is to be guided by common values and common interests, rather than ambitions.

On the basis of international law, we must join efforts to address the problems that all of us are facing and create a genuinely broad international coalition against terrorism.

Similar to the anti-Hitler coalition, it could unite a broad range of forces that are resolutely resisting those who, just like the Nazis, sow evil and hatred of humankind. 

尊敬的同僚们！被迫指出的是，最近这段时间我们这些诚实并且直接的做法被某些人当做借口利用，为的是指责俄罗斯的野心在扩大。就好像说这些话的人一点野心都没有似的。但是问题不在于俄罗斯的野心，尊敬的同僚们，而是世界上形成的种种局面已经让人不能容忍了。

实际上我们提议不要被野心操控，而是要从建立在国际法基础上的共同价值观与共同利益出发，团结力量以应对我们面前的新问题，建立真正的、广泛的国际反恐联盟。就像当初的反希特勒同盟一样，它可以把各种不同的力量团结起来，并且准备好坚定地反击那些如同纳粹一样邪恶和反人类（的组织）。

And, naturally, the Muslim countries are to play a key role in the coalition, even more so because the Islamic State does not only pose a direct threat to them, but also desecrates one of the greatest world religions by its bloody crimes.

The ideologists  of militants make a mockery of Islam and pervert its true humanistic values. I would like to address Muslim spiritual leaders, as well. Your authority and your guidance are of great importance right now.

It is essential to prevent people recruited by militants from making hasty decisions and those who have already been deceived, and who, due to various circumstances found themselves among terrorists, need help in finding a way back to normal life, laying down arms, and putting an end to fratricide.

当然，同盟的核心成员应该是穆斯林国家。因为《伊斯兰国》不仅仅给他们带来直接的威胁，也用自己血腥的罪行给伟大的世界性宗教——伊斯兰教抹黑。武装分子们的意识形态是对伊斯兰教义的侮辱，扭曲了其真正的人道价值观。

现在想对穆斯林的精神领袖们说，你们的个人威望，你们的教导都非常重要。要把那些想去当武装分子的人拉回来，不能让他们去做没头脑的事情。对于那些已经被骗或是因为种种原因加入恐怖分子行列的人，要帮助他们找到回归正常生活的道路，放下武器，停止兄弟之间的血肉相残。

Russia will shortly convene, as the  current president of the Security Council, a ministerial meeting to carry out a comprehensive analysis of threats in the Middle East.

First of all, we propose discussing whether it is possible to agree on a resolution aimed at coordinating the actions of all the forces that confront the Islamic State and other terrorist organizations. Once again, this coordination should be based on the principles of the U.N. Charter.

We hope that the international community will be able to develop a comprehensive strategy of political stabilization, as well as social and economic recovery, of the Middle East.

作为安理会的轮值主席，俄罗斯很快会（提议）召开部长级会议，以对中东地区的危险进行综合性评估。首先要讨论，是否可能通过决议，协调各种力量，对抗“伊斯兰国”和其他恐怖组织。我重复一下，这样的协调必须建立在联合国宪章的原则上。

Then, dear friends, there would be no need for new refugee camps. Today, the flow of people who were forced to leave their homeland has literally engulfed first neighboring countries and then Europe itself. There were hundreds of thousands of them now, and there might be millions before long. In fact, it is a new great and tragic migration of peoples, and it is a harsh lesson for all of us, including Europe.

我们寄希望于国际社会，可以制定出让各方都接受的恢复中东政治稳定和社会经济秩序的方案。尊敬的朋友们，那时就不需要修建难民营了。那些被迫背井离乡的人们，最初是塞满了他们的邻国，之后又奔往欧洲，数量不是几十万人，而是几百万人。这实际上是新的悲惨的民族大迁徙，以及对我们，包括欧洲在内所有人的沉重的教育课。

I would like to stress refugees undoubtedly need our compassion and support. However, the — on the way to solve this problem at a fundamental level is to restore their statehood where it has been destroyed, to strengthen the government institutions where they still exist or are being reestablished, to provide comprehensive assistance of military, economic and material nature to countries in a difficult situation. And certainly, to those people who, despite all the ordeals, will not abandon their homes. Literally, any assistance to sovereign states can and must be offered rather than imposed exclusively and solely in accordance with the U.N. Charter.

In other words, everything in this field that has been done or will be done pursuant to the norms of international law must be supported by our organization. Everything that contravenes the U.N. Charter must be rejected. Above all, I believe it is of the utmost importance to help restore government's institutions in Libya, support the new government of Iraq and provide comprehensive assistance to the legitimate government of Syria.

我想强调的是：难民们，毫无疑问需要同情和帮助。但是想根本解决这个问题，只能在那些体制被摧毁的国家将其恢复，对那些还保存了国家机构的国家，帮助它们将其强化或是重建，要对他们提供全面的援助——军事的、经济的、物质的，帮助那些陷入困境的国家和经历磨难但是还留在故土的人们。

当然，任何对主权国家的帮助都可以乃至必须是非强迫性的，而是建议性的，并且只能建立在联合国宪章的基础上。所有在这一领域的行为都必须符合国际法，应该得到联合国的支持，而所有与联合国宪章矛盾的行为都应被否决。

我认为现在最重要的是帮助利比亚恢复国家组织，支持伊拉克的新政府，对叙利亚的合法政权进行全方位的支持。

Dear colleagues, ensuring peace and regional and global stability remains the key objective of the international community with the U.N. at its helm. We believe this means creating a space of equal and indivisible security, which is not for the select few but for everyone. Yet, it is a challenge and complicated and time-consuming task, but there is simply no other alternative. However, the bloc thinking of the times of the Cold War and the desire to explore new geopolitical areas is still present among some of our colleagues.

尊敬的同僚们，以联合国为首的国际社会还有一个关键性任务，就是保障和平，以及地区和全球的稳定。在我们看来，这应该是形成平等并且未被分割的安全区域，不是只有少数“被选者”获得安全，而是所有人。是的，这是复杂的、困难的、长期的工作，但是除此之外别无选择。

但非常可惜的是，冷战期间形成的阵营思维方式，以及部分同僚扩大自己政治版图的行为，还是占据了主导地位。

First, they continue their policy of expanding NATO. What for? If the Warsaw Bloc stopped its existence, the Soviet Union have collapsed and, nevertheless, the NATO continues expanding as well as its military infrastructure. Then they offered the poor Soviet countries a false choice: either to be with the West or with the East. Sooner or later, this logic of confrontation was bound to spark off a grave geopolitical crisis. This is exactly what happened in Ukraine, where the discontent of population with the current authorities was used and the military coup was orchestrated from outside — that triggered a civil war as a result.

首先，北约扩张这一路线在持续。这就要问问了：既然华约已经不存在，苏联也解体了，北约扩张的目的是什么？与此同时，北约不但继续存在，还不断扩张，就像其军事设施一样。

然后，在前苏联国家面前摆出来一道虚假的选择题：究竟是和西方站在一边还是和东方（俄罗斯）站在一边？这种挑衅性的逻辑肯定迟早会导致严重的地缘危机。最后在乌克兰确实发生了这种情况，利用大多数人民对当时政权的不满，从外部挑拨发动了武装政变，终于导致内战爆发。

We're confident that only through full and faithful implementation of the Minsk agreements of February 12th, 2015, can we put an end to the bloodshed and find a way out of the deadlock. Ukraine's territorial integrity cannot be ensured by threat of force and force of arms. What is needed is a genuine consideration for the interests and rights of the people in the Donbas region and respect for their choice. There is a need to coordinate with them as provided for by the Minsk agreements, the key elements of the country's political structure. These steps will guarantee that Ukraine will develop as a civilized society, as an essential link and building a common space of security and economic cooperation, both in Europe and in Eurasia.

我们坚信：停止流血冲突，找到离开死胡同的出口，只能是全面、真正执行今年2月12日签署的《明斯克协议》。依靠恐吓与武器的力量不能保障乌克兰的完整。必须这样做。需要真正考虑顿巴斯人民的利益和权力，尊重他们的选择，与他们协商，而这些在《明斯克协议》中都有体现，其中最关键的就是国家政治构建部分。这是乌克兰作为一个文明国度发展的基石，是建设共同安全空间的重要链接点，这样它才能作为经济合作的重要伙伴，同时与欧洲和欧亚联盟发展关系

Ladies and gentlemen, I have mentioned these common space of economic cooperation on purpose. Not long ago, it seemed that in the economic sphere, with its objective market loss, we would launch a leaf (ph) without dividing lines. We would build on transparent and jointly formulated rules, including the WTO principles, stipulating the freedom of trade, and investment and open competition.

女士们，先生们，我并非偶然提起共同的经济合作空间。不久前，人们还觉得，在经济领域有客观的市场法则，我们都学会不再使用隔离线，我们都会以透明的、共同制定的规则——包括关贸总协定的原则来行事，开展自由贸易和投资，公开竞争。

Nevertheless, today, unilateral sanctions circumventing the U.N. Charter have become commonplace, in addition to pursuing political objectives. The sanctions serve as a means of eliminating competitors.

I would like to point out another sign of a growing economic selfishness. Some countries [have] chosen to create closed economic associations, with the establishment being negotiated behind the scenes, in secret from those countries' own citizens, the general public, business community and from other countries.

Other states whose interests may be affected are not informed of anything, either. It seems that we are about to be faced with an accomplished fact that the rules of the game have been changed in favor of a narrow group of the privileged, with the WTO having no say. This could unbalance the trade system completely and disintegrate the global economic space.

但是，今天绕开联合国宪章的单方面制裁却几乎成了固定规则，而且不仅仅用来达成政治目的，还包括用来消灭市场上的竞争对手。

这里要指出另外一个“经济自私主义”的症状。一些国家走上了封闭性特殊经济联合体的道路，而且相关谈判是悄然进行的，瞒着本国的公民、商界与媒体，当然也瞒着其他国家。而那些相关利益会受影响的国家，却得不到任何通知。最可能是想让我们面对既成事实：规则改变了，而这种改变却只对少数的“被选者”有利。所有这些都是绕开关贸总协定在进行的，会带来贸易体系失衡的风险，导致全球经济空间的分裂。

These issues affect the interest of all states and influence the future of the world economy as a whole. That is why we propose discussing them within the U.N. WTO NGO (ph) '20.

Contrary to the policy of exclusiveness, Russia proposes harmonizing original economic projects. I refer to the so-called integration of integrations based on universal and transparent rules of international trade. As an example, I would like to cite our plans to interconnect the Eurasian economic union, and China's initiative of the Silk Road economic belt.

We still believe that harmonizing the integration processes within the Eurasian Economic Union and the European Union is highly promising.

这些让人关注的问题关系到所有国家的利益，所以建议在联合国、关贸总协定和G20的框架内进行讨论。俄罗斯在反对“独特性政策”的基础上，建议将各个区域经济项目和谐化，推动以国际贸易通用透明为原则的“融合之融合”。作为例子，可以举出俄罗斯推动的“欧亚经济联盟”与中国提出的“一带一路”计划相融合的办法。同时我们也看到欧亚经济联盟与欧盟的合作前景。

Ladies and gentlemen, the issues that affect the future of all people include the challenge of global climate change. It is in our interest to make the U.N. Climate Change Conference to be held in December in Paris a success.

As part of our national contribution, we plan to reduce by 2030 the greenhouse emissions to 70, 75 percent of the 1990 level.

女士们，先生们，在所有关系到整个人类未来的问题和挑战中，也包括全球气候变化。我们对12月将在巴黎召开的联合国气候大会取得成果寄予希望。在这方面，俄罗斯的贡献将是，截至2030年，把温室气体排放量减少到1990年代的70-75%。

I suggest, however, we should take a wider view on this issue. Yes, we might defuse the problem for a while, by setting quotas on harmful emissions or by taking other measures that are nothing but tactical. But we will not solve it that way. We need a completely different approach.

We have to focus on introducing fundamental and new technologies inspired by nature, which would not damage the environment, but would be in harmony with it. Also, that would allow us to restore the balance upset by biosphere and technosphere (ph) upset by human activities.

It is indeed a challenge of planetary scope, but I'm confident that humankind has intellectual potential to address it. We need to join our efforts. I refer, first of all, to the states that have a solid research basis and have made significant advances in fundamental science.

We propose convening a special forum under the U.N. auspices for a comprehensive consideration of the issues related to the depletion of natural resources, destruction of habitat and climate change.

Russia would be ready to co-sponsor such a forum.

但是，我们也建议用更加开阔的眼光看待这一问题。通过对有害气体排放制定配额，以及采取其他的战术性措施，我们会在某个期限内降低这一问题的尖锐性，但毫无疑问的是，无法彻底地解决它。我们需要本质性的新办法。这里谈的是全新的仿生态技术，这种技术不但不会破坏环境，还会与其和谐共处，让因人类活动而遭到破坏的生态圈与技术圈之间的平衡得到恢复。这确实是整个行星级别的挑战。我坚信，人类具备回应这一挑战的智慧潜能。

我们首先需要团结那些科研力量雄厚，有足够基础研究能力的国家。建议在联合国的穹顶下建立一个专门的论坛，用来系统地审视与自然资源消失、生存环境被破坏和气候变化有关的问题。俄罗斯已准备好成为论坛的组织者之一。

Ladies and gentlemen, colleagues, it was on the 10th of January, 1946, in London that the U.N. General Assembly gathered for its first session.

Mr. Suleta (ph) (inaudible), a Colombian diplomat and the chairman of the Preparatory Commission, opened the session by giving, I believe, a concise definition of the basic principles that the U.N. should follow in its activities, which are free will, defiance of scheming and trickery and spirit of cooperation.

尊敬的女士们，先生们，同僚们。1946年1月10日，在伦敦召开了第一次联合国代表大会。当时，筹备委员会主席、哥伦比亚外交家Zuleta Ángel，提出了一个在我看来非常有内涵的原则，而联合国的行为也应该建立在其上，这就是“善意，鄙视阴谋和狡狯，合作精神”。

Today, his words sound as a guidance for all of us. Russia believes in the huge potential of the United Nations, which should help us avoid a new global confrontation and engage in strategic cooperation. Together with other countries, we will consistently work towards strengthening the central coordinating role of the U.N. I'm confident that by working together, we will make the world stable and safe, as well as provide conditions for the development of all states and nations.

今天这些话对我们来说仍旧极具意义。俄罗斯相信联合国具备巨大的潜能，而这种潜能将有助于避免新的全球对抗，转入战略性合作。与其他国家一道，我们将会坚定不移地巩固联合国居中协调的角色。

我坚信，在我们的共同努力下，将会让世界更加稳定和安全，让所有国家和民族都获得发展的机会。